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Reference · State of Rhode Island

Rhode Island trade labor costs

What a plumbing, HVAC or electrical tech earns in Rhode Island, what the state adds to payroll, whether labor is taxed, what a license costs, how lien rights work and when the heating and cooling seasons peak — each figure from the agency that sets it, with the date we read it.

  • Wages BLS OEWS May 2025
  • Payroll and licenses state agencies
  • Checked and
Plumbing median
$36.77/h+19.9% vs the U.S.15th of 51
HVAC median
$32.39/h+10.4% vs the U.S.14th of 51
Electrical median
$35.62/h+17.2% vs the U.S.18th of 51
New-employer SUTA
1.21%on the first $30,800
Payroll programs
1 programTDI/TCI
Sales tax on labor
Not taxedrepair and installation on buildings

Pay in Rhode Island

Hourly pay across all industries, May 2025. Half of the workers in each trade earn less than the median and half earn more; one in ten earns less than the 10th percentile. Union and non-union, no self-employed.

Hourly pay, 10th to 90th percentileDrawn to scale: one dollar axis for all three trades

  • PlumbingU.S. median $30.67

    plumbers: 10th percentile $23.89, 25th $28.24, median $36.77, 75th $51.61, 90th $53.06 an hour; U.S. median $30.67.

  • HVACU.S. median $29.33

    HVAC techs: 10th percentile $18.32, 25th $23.44, median $32.39, 75th $39.23, 90th $50.04 an hour; U.S. median $29.33.

  • ElectricalU.S. median $30.38

    electricians: 10th percentile $20.67, 25th $28.08, median $35.62, 75th $46.01, 90th $49.44 an hour; U.S. median $30.38.

  • 25th–75th percentile
  • State median
  • U.S. median
Hourly pay by percentile for plumbers, HVAC techs and electricians in Rhode Island, BLS OEWS May 2025
PercentilePlumbingHVACElectrical
10th$23.89$18.32$20.67
25th$28.24$23.44$28.08
Median$36.77$32.39$35.62
75th$51.61$39.23$46.01
90th$53.06$50.04$49.44
Mean$39.23$33.55$35.65
U.S. median$30.67$29.33$30.38
vs U.S.+19.9%+10.4%+17.2%
Rank15th14th18th
Jobs1,8201,4502,420

Dollars an hour. BLS occupations: Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters (SOC 47-2152); Heating, air conditioning and refrigeration mechanics and installers (SOC 49-9021); Electricians (SOC 47-2111). “vs U.S.” compares the medians; rank 1 is the highest median of the 50 states and DC. Released May 15, 2026; the next survey is due each spring.

Payroll costs the state adds

What Rhode Island charges an employer on top of wages: unemployment tax, and any paid-leave or disability program funded through payroll, and who must carry workers’ comp. Federal Social Security, Medicare and unemployment tax apply in every state and are already in the calculator. Workers’ comp premiums depend on the class code and the insurer, so the card gives the rules, not a rate.

State unemployment tax (SUTA)

Rhode Island Department of Labor and Training (DLT), Employer Tax Unit

Wage base
$30,800 per employee a year
New-employer rate
1.21%total rate, including the 0.21% Job Development Assessment
Construction
No separate rate published

Rhode Island Department of Labor and Training: “The new employer rate will be 1.21 percent for calendar year 2026. This includes the 0.21 percent Job Development Assessment.” DOL’s table shows the 1.00% employment security part, so this site uses the total.

Charged with it

Per tech, a year 1.21% × $30,800 = $373At the new-employer rate, for a plumber paid the state median ($36.77 × 2,080 h = $76,482). The calculator uses the rate alone.

State pages read

Workers’ compensation

Rhode Island Department of Labor and Training, Division of Workers' Compensation

Who must carry it
Any employeeWith limited exceptions, any employer with one or more employees must carry workers’ comp coverage in Rhode Island (R.I. Gen. Laws §28-29-6). Domestic service and, subject to §28-29-7.2, agricultural employers are exempt unless the director declares the work hazardous or they elect coverage (§28-29-5). dlt.ri.gov · webserver.rilegislature.gov
Where to buy it
Private insurersAn employer secures coverage by insuring with any stock or mutual company authorized to write workers’ comp in Rhode Island, or by proving financial ability to self-insure and posting security with the director of labor and training (R.I. Gen. Laws §28-36-1). The chapter that created the state Workers’ Compensation Insurance Fund (§§27-7.2-1 to 27-7.2-21) is repealed, so there is no state fund. webserver.rilegislature.gov
Owners
Sole proprietors are not employees, and neither are corporate shareholders or directors, partners or LLC members unless they work under an employment contract with the corporation or LLC (R.I. Gen. Laws §28-29-2(4)(iii)-(iv)). Corporate officers and LLC members who are covered can waive coverage by filing a written notice (§28-29-17), and a person is treated as an independent contractor only after filing a Notice of Designation as Independent Contractor (DWC 11-IC) with the director, renewed annually for each hiring entity (§28-29-17.1, as amended effective Jan. 1, 2024 and June 17, 2024). webserver.rilegislature.gov

Statute and agency pages read

TDI and TCI: disability and caregiver insurance

In effect in 2026 Rhode Island Department of Labor and Training

Total rate
1.10%employee wage deduction on first $100,000, 2026
Employer pays
No employer contribution
Wage cap
$100,000 a year per employee
Employees
Mandatory deduction from employee wages, remitted quarterly

Employer’s own cost, share of wages 5 employees: None20 employees: None

New-employer rates usually last one to three years — longer in some states (four years in Indiana, four to five in D.C.); then the state assigns your own rate, and your rate notice wins over any figure here. The calculator below uses the new-employer rate where one is clear. Where a state’s own pages could not be read, the card says so and gives the U.S. Labor Department’s figure.

What a shop in Rhode Island needs to charge

The calculator’s example shop — three techs, $120,000 of overhead, a truck each, 10% net profit — with Rhode Island’s median wage for each trade and its unemployment tax filled in. Your own numbers will differ; change them in the calculator below.

Example shopBreak-evenRate, 10% profit
Plumbingwage $36.77$125.88$139.87→ $140
HVACwage $32.39$116.48$129.42→ $130
Electricalwage $35.62$123.41$137.12→ $140

Per billable hour; → is the rate rounded up, as the calculator rounds it. Everything except the wage and the unemployment tax is the national example (BLS, IRS and DOL figures listed on the labor rate calculator).

Change the numbers for your shop

The labor rate calculator, opened on Rhode Island: pick your trade, put in your own crew, pay and overhead, and the rate and break-even redraw as you type.

Your labor rate

Who does the billable work?

Example shop in Rhode Island: 3 techs at the state’s median plumber wage, $120,000 overhead. Change any number or pick another state.

Charge at least Example shop · Rhode Island

Charge at least $139.87 per billable hour; break-even $125.88.

Round up to $140 (+$0.13)

See it drawn to scale
Rate build-upDrawn to scale: every dollar the same height
Rate build-up for the example, drawn to scaleColumn from $0 to $139.87 per billable hour, drawn to scale: wage $62.85, taxes & benefits $16.41, overhead $32.87, truck $13.74, profit 10% $13.99. Break-even line at $125.88. Rounded up to $140.12345$0Labor$79.27Break-even$125.88Your rate$139.87Round up to$140
  1. Wage$76,481.60 ÷ 1,216.8 h$62.85
  2. Taxes & benefits26.11% of pay$16.41
  3. Overhead$120,000 ÷ 3,650.4 h$32.87
  4. Truck$16,719.14 ÷ 1,216.8 h$13.74
  5. Profit 10%of the price$13.99
Break-even
$125.88
Profit per hour
$13.99
Revenue a year
$510,573

$125.88 ÷ (1 − 10%) = $139.87rounded up to $140

Already showing the example.

Price your tasks at $140 an hourOpens the price book builder with this rate.

Billable hours
1,216.8per tech a year
Loaded wage
$46.37per paid hour
Labor
$79.27per billable hour
Overhead
$32.87per billable hour
Truck
$13.74per billable hour
Labor burden
26.11%over gross pay

What moves your rate

  • Every billable hour sold under $125.88 loses money.
  • At 70% billable instead of 65%, break-even drops to $116.89, $8.99 an hour less.
  • Cut $10,000 of overhead a year and break-even drops $2.74 an hour, to $123.14.
Show the math
  1. Worked hours2,080 h − 26 days × 8 h = 1,872 h
  2. Billable hours per tech1,872 h × 65% = 1,216.8 h
  3. Gross pay per tech$36.77 × 2,080 h = $76,481.60
  4. Employer taxes and comp$4,741.86 SS + $1,108.98 Medicare + $42.00 FUTA + $372.68 SUTA + $2,042.06 comp = $8,307.58
  5. Benefits$76,481.60 × 15.25% = $11,663.44
  6. Labor per billable hour$96,452.63 ÷ 1,216.8 h = $79.27
  7. Overhead per billable hour$120,000 ÷ (3 × 1,216.8 h) = $32.87
  8. Truck per billable hour$16,719.14 ÷ 1,216.8 h = $13.74
  9. Break-even$79.27 + $32.87 + $13.74 = $125.88
  10. Rate at 10% profit$125.88 ÷ (1 − 10%) = $139.87

Change the numbers

State and trade
Trade

Fills the wage and state unemployment tax (SUTA). Workers’ comp and everything else stay as they are.

Filled for Rhode Island3 figures
Wage Plumbing
$36.77/hr
Rhode Island median for plumbers · BLS OEWS May 2025
SUTA rate New employer
1.21%
New-employer rate (total rate, including the 0.21% Job Development Assessment); no separate construction rate found · Rhode Island DLT, 2026 (state agency override)
SUTA wage base Per tech
$30,800
Rhode Island · DOL Significant Provisions, July 2026

Your own rate notice wins. These are new-employer rates: after one to three years the state sets your own, and construction employers often pay a different rate.

Rhode Island: pay, payroll taxes and licensesSee all 50 states and DC
Rhode Island: the fine print

Rhode Island Department of Labor and Training: “The new employer rate will be 1.21 percent for calendar year 2026. This includes the 0.21 percent Job Development Assessment.” DOL’s table shows the 1.00% employment security part, so this site uses the total.

Crew and pay

People who bill hours. Office staff go in overhead.

Average base pay. Filled: Rhode Island median for plumbers, BLS OEWS May 2025.

Hours and time off2,080 h · 26 days off

40 hours × 52 weeks = 2,080.

Holidays, vacation and sick days, 8 h each. Example: 8 + 11 + 7 (BLS).

Optional. Paid at 1.5 × the wage. Leave 0 if none.

Billable time

Share of worked hours that ends up on invoices. Published figures run from 30% to 65%.

Billable hours1,216.8 hper tech · 3,650.4 h for the shop
Payroll taxes and benefits+26.11% of pay

Filled: Rhode Island new-employer rate, Rhode Island DLT, 2026 (state agency override). Your notice wins.

Pay per tech the rate applies to. Filled: Rhode Island, DOL Significant Provisions, July 2026.

Use the rate on your policy. Example: BLS construction average.

Health, retirement and other benefits. Example: BLS construction average.

Loaded wage$46.37per paid hour · burden 26.11%

Included automatically (IRS, tax year 2026): Social Security 6.2% of pay up to $184,500, Medicare 1.45%, federal unemployment (FUTA) 0.6% of the first $7,000.

Shop costs

An example figure. Everything except field pay and trucks — split it in the worksheet below.

Payments, fuel, insurance and upkeep. Enter 0 if trucks are already in overhead.

Profit

Profit as a share of the price, not a markup on cost.

Your rate: $139.87 per billable hour · break-even $125.88. Back to the result

Sales tax on your work

What Rhode Island’s tax agency says about repair and installation labor on buildings and the parts and fixtures that go into them. This is what the agency’s pages say, not tax advice.

Labor
Not taxedInstallation labor that is separately stated isn’t subject to sales tax. On lump-sum, cost-plus and time-and-material contracts the contractor pays tax on materials as the consumer; a contractor acting as a retailer charges tax on the materials only.A contractor that sells materials or complete units, such as electrical fixtures, at an agreed price plus a charge for installing them is a retailer; if installation isn’t separately stated, the whole charge is taxed.
Materials
Depends on the job or contractUsually the contractor pays tax as consumer; as a retailer it buys for resale and charges the customer tax on the materials.
Also
Anyone awarding a Rhode Island construction contract to a nonresident contractor withholds 3% of the price until the contractor provides a Certificate of No Tax Due.

Read October 24, 2026 on the agency pages listed under Sources. All 50 states and DC side by side.

Licenses and state fees

The license a shop needs from the state to contract for each trade, the board that issues it and the fees on its own schedule. Cities and counties can add their own licenses, registrations and permit fees; exam vendors and fingerprinting may charge more.

Plumbing

State license

Rhode Island Department of Labor and Training, Division of Workforce Regulation and Safety - Professional Regulation (Board of Examiners of Plumbers)

Master Plumber license

No person may engage in the business of plumbing as a master plumber, employ journeyperson plumbers or apprentices, or contract for plumbing installation, maintenance or repair without a DLT master plumber license (R.I. Gen. Laws 5-20-8).

FeeAmount
Master plumber application fee (non-refundable)one-time (per application)$75
Master plumber license fee2 years$240
Master plumber biennial renewal fee2 years$240

Licenses expire on the licensee’s birthday every two years. Late renewal: $12 per month administrative assessment. The DLT application packet also lists a Contractor Master license: $75 application, $240 two-year license. Online renewals carry a $6 portal fee.

Keeping the license

Renewal
Master and journeyperson plumber licenses expire on the licensee’s birthday every two years (odd or even years by birth year, R.I. Gen. Laws § 5-20-23); the master renewal fee is $240 and the journeyperson fee is $72 per two years. webserver.rilegislature.gov
Continuing ed.
Master and journeyperson plumbers must complete 7 hours of board-approved continuing education every two-year license cycle (260-RICR-30-15-9); the Department of Labor and Training will enforce the requirement beginning January 2027. Licensees whose years as a licensed plumber plus age total 80 are exempt. rules.sos.ri.gov · dlt.ri.gov
Reciprocity
Rhode Island has no named reciprocity list for plumbers; a master or journeyperson plumber licensed by examination in another state may be licensed if that state’s requirements are the same as Rhode Island’s, with license verification from the other state’s board and an affidavit of the exam passed (260-RICR-30-15-9). rules.sos.ri.gov

Sources read

HVAC

State license

Rhode Island Department of Labor and Training, Division of Workforce Regulation and Safety - Professional Regulation (Mechanical Board)

Refrigeration Master I (refrigeration/air conditioning) or Pipefitter Master I (heating/pipefitting) mechanical license; Master Mechanical Contractor covers both

No person may engage in the business of the mechanical trades as a master or employer, contract for mechanical installation or repair, or advertise refrigeration/air conditioning or pipefitting work without a DLT license (R.I. Gen. Laws 28-27-5).

FeeAmount
Refrigeration Master I test feeper test$75
Refrigeration Master I license fee2 years$240
Refrigeration Master I renewal2 years (24-month renewal term)$240

Same amounts apply to Pipefitter Master I ($75 test / $240 license / $240 renewal); Master Mechanical Contractor license and renewal are $480 (no test). The $75 test fee is paid as the non-refundable application processing fee with the DLT application. Late renewal $12 per month; online renewal adds $6.

Keeping the license

Renewal
Mechanical licenses (master mechanical contractor, pipefitter and refrigeration/air conditioning masters and journeypersons) expire on the holder’s birthday every two years, in odd or even years by birth year (R.I. Gen. Laws § 28-27-17); the Refrigeration Master I renewal fee is $240. webserver.rilegislature.gov
Continuing ed.
Neither the Mechanical Trades law (R.I. Gen. Laws ch. 28-27) nor the mechanical board’s rules (260-RICR-30-15-2) set a continuing-education requirement for pipefitter or refrigeration/air conditioning license renewal. webserver.rilegislature.gov · rules.sos.ri.gov
Reciprocity
The Mechanical Trades law and rules contain no reciprocity or license-without-exam provision; a master license requires passing the Rhode Island master test, and proof of master status under another state’s laws only qualifies an applicant to sit for it (R.I. Gen. Laws § 28-27-10). webserver.rilegislature.gov · rules.sos.ri.gov

Sources read

Electrical

State license

Rhode Island Department of Labor and Training, Division of Workforce Regulation and Safety - Professional Regulation (Board of Examiners of Electricians)

Electrical Contractor license, Certificate A (Class A); corporations also hold a Corporation Electrical Contractor (AC) certificate

No person, firm or corporation may engage in, solicit, advertise, bid for, or work at the business of installing electrical wiring and apparatus unless licensed by the state board of examiners of electricians (R.I. Gen. Laws 5-6-2).

FeeAmount
Electrician application processing fee (non-refundable)one-time (per application)$75
Electrical contractor's license Class A fee2 years$240
Corporation Electrical Contractor (AC) license2 years$200
Class A (master electrician) biennial renewal2 years (24-month renewal term)$240

Licenses expire on the qualifying individual’s birthday every two years; late renewal $12 per month; online renewal adds $6.

Keeping the license

Renewal
Electrical certificates and licenses expire on the licensee’s birthday and renew for two years (R.I. Gen. Laws § 5-6-20; 260-RICR-30-15-7.13); a license not renewed within two years of expiring is forfeited and requires a new exam. webserver.rilegislature.gov
Continuing ed.
Class A (contractor) and Class B (journeyperson) electricians must complete at least 15 clock hours of board-approved continuing education to renew, covering the currently adopted National Electrical Code and ICC codes (R.I. Gen. Laws § 5-6-20.1). webserver.rilegislature.gov
Reciprocity
Rhode Island’s electrician rules give no license without examination: holders of an out-of-state contractor or journeyperson license may take the Rhode Island journeyperson exam, and may take the contractor exam after two years with a Rhode Island journeyperson license and 12,000 hours of experience (260-RICR-30-15-7). rules.sos.ri.gov

Sources read

Beyond the trade license

Contractor registration, bond and insurance the state asks of a trade shop

Registration
Contractors who work on structures must register each year with the Contractors’ Registration and Licensing Board (R.I. Gen. Laws ch. 5-65), but a state-licensed business employing licensed electricians, plumbers or mechanical tradespeople (chapters 5-6 and 5-20 of Title 5 and chapter 28-27) and working within its license is exempt from everything in that chapter except the $500,000 insurance rule (§ 5-65-2(a)(10)). Work outside the trade license (general remodeling) needs CRLB registration; jobs under $500 of casual, minor work are exempt. webserver.rilegislature.gov
Bond
Neither the Contractors’ Registration and Licensing Board law (ch. 5-65) nor the plumber, electrician or mechanical licensing laws require a surety bond; they require insurance instead. webserver.rilegislature.gov
Insurance
$500,000Licensed plumbing, electrical and mechanical businesses, like registered contractors, must keep public liability and property damage insurance of at least $500,000 combined single limit plus workers’ compensation (R.I. Gen. Laws § 5-65-7); the licensing agency holds a valid certificate of insurance as a condition of the license, and a lapse means loss of the license. webserver.rilegislature.gov

Board and statute pages read

State or city license?

State license only Who licenses the trades in Rhode Island

Plumbing, electrical and mechanical (pipefitting, refrigeration/air conditioning, sheet metal) licenses are issued statewide by the Department of Labor and Training; cities and towns do not license these trades but issue permits and inspect, and licensees must follow local rules (R.I. Gen. Laws §§ 5-6-25, 28-27-20). webserver.rilegislature.gov

State and city pages read

What Rhode Island law says about lien rights on private jobs — the notices, the deadline to file and the deadline to sue — and whether a statute sets payment deadlines or caps retainage. Read from the statute itself; it is not legal advice.

Mechanic’s lien

R.I. Gen. Laws ch. 34-28Mechanics’ Liens

You, hired by the owner
A contractor dealing directly with the owner (other than a material supplier) has no lien unless, before starting work or delivering materials, it gives the owner the statutory “Notice of Possible Mechanic’s Lien,” either printed conspicuously in the written contract or sent by certified mail, return receipt requested (§ 34-28-4.1). A contractor who skips it must also hold the owner harmless from liens of lower-tier claimants. webserver.rilegislature.gov
Subs and suppliers
No preliminary noticeRhode Island has no separate preliminary notice for subs; every claimant, sub or prime, perfects its lien with the notice of intention under § 34-28-4 (mailed to the owner and recorded within 200 days, see lienDeadline). webserver.rilegislature.gov
File the lien
200 daysBefore or within 200 days after doing the work or furnishing the materials, mail a sworn notice of intention to the owner of record by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, and record a copy in the city or town land evidence records (§ 34-28-4). The lien covers only work in the 200 days before the filing and after (§ 34-28-9); subs follow the same rule. webserver.rilegislature.gov
Enforce it
40 daysFile the complaint to enforce in superior court and record a notice of lis pendens within 40 days after recording the notice of intention (the complaint the same day as the lis pendens or within 7 days after), or the lien is void (§ 34-28-10). webserver.rilegislature.gov

Statutes read

Payment deadlines and retainage

Private jobs (public contracts have their own rules)

Prompt payment
No private-job statuteNo Rhode Island statute sets payment deadlines or late-payment interest on private construction jobs; the mechanics’ lien chapter has none, and the contractor payment provisions in chapter 37-13 cover public works. webserver.rilegislature.gov
Retainage
No private-job capRhode Island sets no cap or release deadline for private-job retainage; § 34-28-9 only provides that a recorded notice of lien covers retainage earned but unpaid back to the start of the work. webserver.rilegislature.gov

Statutes read

Heating and cooling season in Rhode Island

Degree days, NOAA’s index of the energy it takes to heat or cool a building: each degree a day’s mean temperature falls below 65 °F is one heating degree day, each degree above is one cooling degree day. Thirty-year normals for Providence airport (T. F. Green), month by month.

Heating degree days
5,478
Cooling degree days
812
Nights ≤ 32 °F
109
Days ≥ 90 °F
12
Normal heating and cooling degree days (base 65 °F) and freezing nights by month at Providence airport (T. F. Green), NOAA 1991–2020 normals
MonthHeatingCoolingNights ≤ 32 °F
Jan1,079026
Feb924024
Mar808019
Apr47534
May21228–
Jun39136–
Jul2293–
Aug3252–
Sep7191–
Oct33691
Nov615011
Dec914023

Heating carries the load at Providence airport (T. F. Green): 5,478 heating degree days a year against 812 cooling degree days, peaking in January (1,079).

The lightest months for heating and cooling together are June and September (175 and 162 degree days).

Nights at or below 32 °F: about 109 a year, ten or more a month in November through March; 1 at or below 0 °F. Days reaching 90 °F: about 12 a year, the most in July.

Weighted by where Rhode Island’s people live, NOAA’s statewide normals (1981–2010) are 5,948 heating and 580 cooling degree days — 20th for heating and 34th for cooling among the 48 contiguous states (the contiguous U.S.: 4,332 and 1,272).

Station: Providence airport (T. F. Green) (USW00014765), NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 — station file; statewide figures: NOAA Climate Prediction Center. Bars share one scale: the longest is 1,079 degree days. Read .

Sources

Each page opened on the date shown. License, registration, lien and workers’ comp sources are linked beside each fact above. Figures change: the agency’s own page wins over this one.

  1. May 2025 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates (state file oesm25st)U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics · read October 28, 2026
  2. Occupational Employment and Wages — May 2025 (news release USDL-26-0725, May 15, 2026)U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics · read October 28, 2026
  3. Public Data API (national OEWS series for the three occupations)U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics · read October 28, 2026
  4. Unemployment insurance tax rates (dlt.ri.gov)Rhode Island Department of Labor and Training (DLT), Employer Tax Unit · read October 28, 2026
  5. Significant Provisions of State Unemployment Insurance Laws, Effective July 2026U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Unemployment Insurance · read October 28, 2026
  6. Rhode Island Temporary Disability Insurance / Temporary Caregiver Insurance (TDI/TCI)Rhode Island Department of Labor and Training · read October 28, 2026
  7. Contractors & Rhode Island Tax: A Guide for BusinessesRhode Island Division of Taxation · February 2024 · read October 24, 2026
  8. Nonresident ContractorRhode Island Division of Taxation · last updated November 28, 2025 · read October 24, 2026
  9. R.I. Gen. Laws ch. 34-28 — Mechanics’ LiensOfficial state code · read November 4, 2026
  10. Workers’ compensation coverage requirementsRhode Island Department of Labor and Training, Division of Workers' Compensation · read November 4, 2026
  11. U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020, Providence airport (T. F. Green) (USW00014765)NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information · read November 4, 2026
  12. Population-weighted daily heating and cooling degree day normals, 1981–2010 (states and CONUS)NOAA National Weather Service, Climate Prediction Center · read November 4, 2026