Reference · State of Minnesota

Minnesota trade labor costs

What a plumbing, HVAC or electrical tech earns in Minnesota, what the state adds to payroll, whether labor is taxed, what a license costs, how lien rights work and when the heating and cooling seasons peak — each figure from the agency that sets it, with the date we read it.

Wages BLS OEWS May 2025
Payroll and licenses state agencies
Checked October 28, 2026 and November 4, 2026

Plumbing median: $45.39/h+48.0% vs the U.S.4th of 51
HVAC median: $36.71/h+25.2% vs the U.S.6th of 51
Electrical median: $37.58/h+23.7% vs the U.S.9th of 51
New-employer SUTA: Industry avg.on the first $44,000
Payroll programs: 1 programPaid Leave
Sales tax on labor: Not taxedrepair and installation on buildings

Pay in Minnesota

Hourly pay across all industries, May 2025. Half of the workers in each trade earn less than the median and half earn more; one in ten earns less than the 10th percentile. Union and non-union, no self-employed.

Hourly pay, 10th to 90th percentileDrawn to scale: one dollar axis for all three trades

PlumbingU.S. median $30.67
plumbers: 10th percentile $23.42, 25th $29.40, median $45.39, 75th $52.29, 90th $58.20 an hour; U.S. median $30.67.
HVACU.S. median $29.33
HVAC techs: 10th percentile $23.18, 25th $28.30, median $36.71, 75th $41.92, 90th $48.09 an hour; U.S. median $29.33.
ElectricalU.S. median $30.38
electricians: 10th percentile $22.83, 25th $28.09, median $37.58, 75th $48.76, 90th $57.13 an hour; U.S. median $30.38.

25th–75th percentile
State median
U.S. median

Hourly pay by percentile for plumbers, HVAC techs and electricians in Minnesota, BLS OEWS May 2025
Percentile	Plumbing	HVAC	Electrical
10th	$23.42	$23.18	$22.83
25th	$29.40	$28.30	$28.09
Median	$45.39	$36.71	$37.58
75th	$52.29	$41.92	$48.76
90th	$58.20	$48.09	$57.13
Mean	$41.68	$35.57	$38.86
U.S. median	$30.67	$29.33	$30.38
vs U.S.	+48.0%	+25.2%	+23.7%
Rank	4th	6th	9th
Jobs	10,720	4,200	14,350

Dollars an hour. BLS occupations: Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters (SOC 47-2152); Heating, air conditioning and refrigeration mechanics and installers (SOC 49-9021); Electricians (SOC 47-2111). “vs U.S.” compares the medians; rank 1 is the highest median of the 50 states and DC. Released May 15, 2026; the next survey is due each spring.

Payroll costs the state adds

What Minnesota charges an employer on top of wages: unemployment tax, and any paid-leave or disability program funded through payroll, and who must carry workers’ comp. Federal Social Security, Medicare and unemployment tax apply in every state and are already in the calculator. Workers’ comp premiums depend on the class code and the insurer, so the card gives the rules, not a rate.

State unemployment tax (SUTA)

Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED), Unemployment Insurance Minnesota (ui.mn.gov / uimn.org)

Wage base: $44,000 per employee a year
New-employer rate: Industry averageEach new employer pays the average rate of its industry; there is no single number.
Construction: Plumbing 2.38% · HVAC 2.38% · Electrical 2.06%for new construction employers

No single new-employer rate: each new employer pays the average rate for its industry. Unemployment Insurance Minnesota (UIMN) 2026 new-employer rates (construction is set by 5-digit NAICS): Electrical Contractors 2.06%; Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors 2.38%. Every employer also pays the 0.40% base tax rate, and a 14.00% additional assessment is charged on the tax.

Charged with it

Base tax 0.40% — billed on top of the rate.
Additional assessment 14% of the UI tax (not of wages) — billed on top of the rate.

Per tech, a year 2.38% × $44,000 = $1,047With the base tax and additional assessment billed on top: (2.38% + 0.40%) × 1.14 × $44,000 = $1,394At the construction rate, for a plumber paid the state median ($45.39 × 2,080 h = $94,411). The calculator uses the rate alone.

State pages read October 28, 2026

Workers’ compensation

Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry

Who must carry it: Any employeeThere is no minimum number of employees in Minnesota; an employer with only one part-time employee generally must buy workers’ compensation insurance or get Department of Commerce approval to self-insure (Minn. Stat. § 176.181, subd. 2). dli.mn.gov
Where to buy it: Private insurersEmployers buy workers’ compensation insurance or obtain approval from the Minnesota Department of Commerce to self-insure on proof of financial ability (Minn. Stat. § 176.181, subd. 2). dli.mn.gov
Owners: The Act does not cover sole proprietors, business partners, or their spouses, parents and children; nor executive officers owning at least 25% of a closely held corporation with under 22,880 payroll hours last year, or managers owning at least 25% of an LLC with ten or fewer members and under 22,880 payroll hours (Minn. Stat. § 176.041, subd. 1). revisor.mn.gov
Construction: If a subcontractor fails to insure, the general contractor, intermediate contractor or subcontractor above it is liable for all compensation due that sub’s employees on the job (Minn. Stat. § 176.215). State and local agencies must withhold business licenses and permits until the applicant gives its insurer’s name, policy number and dates of coverage, or its permit to self-insure (§ 176.182). revisor.mn.gov

Statute and agency pages read November 4, 2026

Minnesota Paid Leave

In effect in 2026 Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED) - Paid Leave

Total rate: 0.88%of wages (family 0.27% + medical 0.61%), 2026 and 2027; small employers 0.66%
Employer pays: At least 50% (0.44%); small employers at least 0.22%
Small employers: 30 or fewer employees AND average wage <= 150% of state average ($28,764 per quarter): premium 0.66%, employee share still up to 0.44%
Wage cap: The Social Security wage base
Employees: Employer may collect up to 0.44% of wages from employees

Employer’s own cost, share of wages 5 employees: 0.22%20 employees: 0.22%In a 20-person shop that is about $208 a year for a plumber paid the state median. Add it to Benefits in the calculator.

Next: 2027: same 0.88% (small employer 0.66%)

Approved equivalent plan may substitute.

New-employer rates usually last one to three years — longer in some states (four years in Indiana, four to five in D.C.); then the state assigns your own rate, and your rate notice wins over any figure here. The calculator below uses the construction rate where one is clear. Where a state’s own pages could not be read, the card says so and gives the U.S. Labor Department’s figure.

What a shop in Minnesota needs to charge

The calculator’s example shop — three techs, $120,000 of overhead, a truck each, 10% net profit — with Minnesota’s median wage for each trade and its unemployment tax filled in. Your own numbers will differ; change them in the calculator below.

Example shop	Break-even	Rate, 10% profit
Plumbingwage $45.39	$144.94	$161.04→ $165
HVACwage $36.71	$126.31	$140.34→ $145
Electricalwage $37.58	$128.06	$142.29→ $145

Per billable hour; → is the rate rounded up, as the calculator rounds it. Everything except the wage and the unemployment tax is the national example (BLS, IRS and DOL figures listed on the labor rate calculator).

Change the numbers for your shop

The labor rate calculator, opened on Minnesota: pick your trade, put in your own crew, pay and overhead, and the rate and break-even redraw as you type.

Your labor rate

With employeesOwner-operator

Example shop in Minnesota: 3 techs at the state’s median plumber wage, $120,000 overhead. Change any number or pick another state.

Charge at least Example shop · Minnesota

Round up to $165 (+$3.96)

See it drawn to scale

Rate build-upDrawn to scale: every dollar the same height

Wage$94,411.20 ÷ 1,216.8 h$77.59
Taxes & benefits26.72% of pay$20.73
Overhead$120,000 ÷ 3,650.4 h$32.87
Truck$16,719.14 ÷ 1,216.8 h$13.74
Profit 10%of the price$16.10

Break-even: $144.94
Profit per hour: $16.10
Revenue a year: $587,868

$144.94 ÷ (1 − 10%) = $161.04rounded up to $165

Price your tasks at $165 an hourOpens the price book builder with this rate.

Billable hours: 1,216.8per tech a year
Loaded wage: $57.52per paid hour
Labor: $98.32per billable hour
Overhead: $32.87per billable hour
Truck: $13.74per billable hour
Labor burden: 26.72%over gross pay

What moves your rate

Every billable hour sold under $144.94 loses money.
At 70% billable instead of 65%, break-even drops to $134.59, $10.35 an hour less.
Cut $10,000 of overhead a year and break-even drops $2.74 an hour, to $142.20.

Show the math

Worked hours2,080 h − 26 days × 8 h = 1,872 h
Billable hours per tech1,872 h × 65% = 1,216.8 h
Gross pay per tech$45.39 × 2,080 h = $94,411.20
Employer taxes and comp$5,853.49 SS + $1,368.96 Medicare + $42.00 FUTA + $1,047.20 SUTA + $2,520.78 comp = $10,832.44
Benefits$94,411.20 × 15.25% = $14,397.71
Labor per billable hour$119,641.34 ÷ 1,216.8 h = $98.32
Overhead per billable hour$120,000 ÷ (3 × 1,216.8 h) = $32.87
Truck per billable hour$16,719.14 ÷ 1,216.8 h = $13.74
Break-even$98.32 + $32.87 + $13.74 = $144.94
Rate at 10% profit$144.94 ÷ (1 − 10%) = $161.04

Change the numbers

State and trade

Trade

PlumbingHVACElectrical

State

Fills the wage and state unemployment tax (SUTA). Workers’ comp and everything else stay as they are.

Filled for Minnesota3 figures

Wage Plumbing: $45.39/hr; Minnesota median for plumbers · BLS OEWS May 2025
SUTA rate Construction: 2.38%; Construction rate; no general new-employer rate · UIMN, 2026
SUTA wage base Per tech: $44,000; Minnesota · DOL Significant Provisions, July 2026

Your own rate notice wins. These are new-employer rates: after one to three years the state sets your own, and construction employers often pay a different rate.

Minnesota: pay, payroll taxes and licenses See all 50 states and DC

Minnesota: the fine print

NAICS is the federal industry code; plumbing, HVAC and electrical contractors are 2382, construction as a whole is 23.

Crew and pay

Field techs

People who bill hours. Office staff go in overhead.

Tech wage

Average base pay. Filled: Minnesota median for plumbers, BLS OEWS May 2025.

Hours and time off2,080 h · 26 days off

Paid hours per tech

40 hours × 52 weeks = 2,080.

Paid days off per tech

Holidays, vacation and sick days, 8 h each. Example: 8 + 11 + 7 (BLS).

Overtime per tech

Optional. Paid at 1.5 × the wage. Leave 0 if none.

Billable time

Billable efficiency

Share of worked hours that ends up on invoices. Published figures run from 30% to 65%.

Billable hours1,216.8 hper tech · 3,650.4 h for the shop

Payroll taxes and benefits+26.72% of pay

State unemployment (SUTA)

Filled: Minnesota construction rate, UIMN, 2026. Your notice wins.

SUTA wage base

Pay per tech the rate applies to. Filled: Minnesota, DOL Significant Provisions, July 2026.

Workers’ comp

Use the rate on your policy. Example: BLS construction average.

Benefits

Health, retirement and other benefits. Example: BLS construction average.

Loaded wage$57.52per paid hour · burden 26.72%

Included automatically (IRS, tax year 2026): Social Security 6.2% of pay up to $184,500, Medicare 1.45%, federal unemployment (FUTA) 0.6% of the first $7,000.

Shop costs

Annual overhead

An example figure. Everything except field pay and trucks — split it in the worksheet below.

Truck cost per tech

Payments, fuel, insurance and upkeep. Enter 0 if trucks are already in overhead.

Profit

Target net profit

Profit as a share of the price, not a markup on cost.

Your rate: $161.04 per billable hour · break-even $144.94. Back to the result

Sales tax on your work

What Minnesota’s tax agency says about repair and installation labor on buildings and the parts and fixtures that go into them. This is what the agency’s pages say, not tax advice.

Labor: Not taxedConstruction contracts aren’t taxed to the customer, including repairing or replacing furnaces, water heaters and central air conditioners.Free-standing appliances are taxable. Contracts to clean HVAC systems are taxable building cleaning; contracts to repair them aren’t, but the repair must be separately stated.
Materials: Contractor, when buyingThe contractor pays sales or use tax on all materials, supplies and equipment for a construction contract and passes it on as part of the materials cost.

Read October 24, 2026 on the agency pages listed under Sources. All 50 states and DC side by side.

Licenses and state fees

The license a shop needs from the state to contract for each trade, the board that issues it and the fees on its own schedule. Cities and counties can add their own licenses, registrations and permit fees; exam vendors and fingerprinting may charge more.

Plumbing and Electrical

State license

Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry

Plumbing Plumbing Contractor license (responsible licensed individual must hold a Master Plumber license); Restricted Plumbing Contractor in communities under 5,000Businesses and individuals that contract to perform plumbing work in Minnesota must have a plumbing contractor license or a restricted plumbing contractor license; the responsible individual must hold an active master plumber license.
Electrical Electrical Contractor license (Class A; responsible licensed individual must hold a Master Electrician license)Businesses and individuals that contract to perform electrical work in Minnesota must have an electrical contractor license; the responsible licensed individual must hold an active master electrician license.

Fee	Amount
Plumbing · Plumbing Contractor license (responsible licensed individual must hold a Master Plumber license); Restricted Plumbing Contractor in communities under 5,000
Plumbing contractor initial license application fee2 years (licenses expire Dec. 31 of odd-numbered years)	$188
Master plumber exam application feeper exam	$50
Plumbing contractor license renewal fee2 years	$188
Master plumber license renewal fee2 years (expires Dec. 31 of odd-numbered years)	$93
Electrical · Electrical Contractor license (Class A; responsible licensed individual must hold a Master Electrician license)
Electrical contractor initial license application fee2 years (licenses expire last day of February in even-numbered years)	$188
Electrical contractor license renewal fee2 years	$188

Plumbing Contractor fee = $180 business base fee + $8 board fee (DLI CCLD fee schedule, updated July 1, 2025; Minn. Stat. 326B.092). New master plumber license $88 per the same schedule. A $25,000 surety bond and liability/workers' comp insurance are also required.

Electrical Fee = $180 business base fee + $8 board fee (CCLD fee schedule, July 1, 2025). Class A master electrician: $50 exam, $88 new license, $93 renewal (same schedule). A $25,000 surety bond and insurance are also required.

Keeping the license

Renewal: PlumbingJourneyworker and master plumber licenses expire December 31 of odd-numbered years (two-year cycle), and plumbing contractor licenses also expire December 31 of odd-numbered years. dli.mn.govElectricalElectrical contractor licenses expire on the last day of February in even-numbered years; master electrician licenses expire the last day of February of odd-numbered years, and journeyworker licenses every two years in the month first issued. dli.mn.gov
Continuing ed.: PlumbingJourneyworker and master plumbers must complete 16 hours of DLI-approved continuing education each two-year cycle, at least 8 of them on the State Plumbing Code; registered unlicensed plumbers need 2 hours a year. dli.mn.govElectricalMaster and journeyworker electricians must complete 16 hours of DLI-approved continuing education per two-year license, at least 12 of them on the National Electrical Code. dli.mn.gov
Reciprocity: PlumbingCheck with the boardThe official pages and rules we read on November 4, 2026 do not settle it.ElectricalMinnesota grants a master electrician license without exam to those licensed by state exam in Iowa, North Dakota, South Dakota or Nebraska, and a journeyworker license to those licensed in Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Iowa, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota or Wyoming; the license must have been held at least one year. dli.mn.gov

Sources read October 28, 2026

HVAC

No state license

Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry (mechanical contractor bond filing only; no state license)

No state license; a $25,000 mechanical contractor bond must be filed with DLI; local (city) licenses or competency cards may apply

There is no state license for mechanical contractors, but businesses must file a $25,000 mechanical contractor bond with DLI to contract for gas, heating, ventilation, cooling, air conditioning, fuel burning or refrigeration work.

Fee	Amount
Mechanical contractor bond filing fee(state filing, not a license)2 years	$100
Mechanical contractor bond filing renewal fee2 years	$100

These are DLI bond-filing fees, not license fees; local city license/comp-card fees are not covered.

Sources read October 28, 2026

Mechanical contractor bond requirements

Beyond the trade license

Contractor registration, bond and insurance the state asks of a trade shop

Registration: A residential building contractor or remodeler license from the Department of Labor and Industry (DLI) is needed only to contract directly with a homeowner (1-4 units) for work in more than one special skill. Contractors offering one specialty skill on homes, and all commercial contractors, register in DLI’s Construction Contractor Registration Program instead, but licensed electrical and plumbing contractors must hold their trade license and may not register. dli.mn.gov
Bond: $25,000Plumbing contractors and electrical contractors must each file a $25,000 surety bond on a DLI form with their license application, and mechanical (HVAC, gas, refrigeration) contractors, who have no state license, must file a $25,000 mechanical contractor bond with DLI before contracting that work ($100 filing fee, valid two years). dli.mn.gov
Insurance: Plumbing contractors must carry liability insurance covering premises, operations, products and completed operations of at least $50,000 per person, $100,000 per occurrence and $10,000 property damage; electrical contractors at least $100,000 per occurrence, $300,000 aggregate and $50,000 property damage. Both must also show workers’ compensation compliance, with DLI named as certificate holder. dli.mn.gov

Board and statute pages read November 4, 2026

State or city license?

State and local Who licenses the trades in Minnesota

Plumbers and electricians are licensed by the state (DLI); cities may inspect electrical work but may not charge state-licensed electrical businesses a license or registration fee (Minn. Stat. 326B.36). HVAC and gas work has no state license, so cities license it: Minneapolis, for example, requires a city gas fitter license (with the state $25,000 bond) and issues HVAC, refrigeration, oil burner and steam/hot water installer licenses. dli.mn.gov · minneapolismn.gov · revisor.mn.gov

State and city pages read November 4, 2026

Getting paid: liens and payment rules

What Minnesota law says about lien rights on private jobs — the notices, the deadline to file and the deadline to sue — and whether a statute sets payment deadlines or caps retainage. Read from the statute itself; it is not legal advice.

Mechanic’s lien

Minn. Stat. §§514.01 to 514.16CHAPTER 514. LIENS AGAINST PROPERTY — MECHANICS, LABORERS AND MATERIAL SUPPLIERS

You, hired by the owner: A contractor who contracts with the owner and will use any subs or suppliers must put the statutory pre-lien notice, in 10-point bold type or capitals, in the written contract and give the owner a copy; with no written contract, deliver the notice personally or by certified mail within 10 days after the work is agreed upon. Without it the contractor has no lien (Minn. Stat. §514.011, subd. 1). The notice is not required on wholly residential buildings of more than 4 units or on most nonresidential jobs over 5,000 square feet (subds. 4b, 4c). revisor.mn.gov
Subs and suppliers: Notice requiredEvery sub or supplier without a direct contract with the owner must deliver the statutory notice to the owner, personally or by certified mail, no later than 45 days after first furnishing labor or materials (Minn. Stat. §514.011, subd. 2), with the same exceptions for larger residential and commercial jobs. revisor.mn.gov
File the lien: 120 daysWithin 120 days after your last work or materials, record the lien statement with the county recorder (or registrar of titles) and serve a copy on the owner personally or by certified mail (Minn. Stat. §514.08, subd. 1); the same deadline applies to subs. revisor.mn.gov
Enforce it: 1 yearFile the complaint (or an answer in another lien action) within one year after the date of the last item of the claim as stated in the recorded lien statement, and record a notice of lis pendens (Minn. Stat. §514.12). revisor.mn.gov
Homes: The pre-lien notices of §514.011 are not required for an improvement to a wholly residential property of more than four family units, or for most nonresidential, non-agricultural jobs involving more than 5,000 usable square feet, so they matter mainly on homes, small multifamily and small commercial jobs. revisor.mn.gov

Statutes read November 4, 2026

Payment deadlines and retainage

Private jobs (public contracts have their own rules)

Prompt payment: Statute sets deadlinesEvery building and construction contract is deemed to require the prime contractor and every sub to pay its subs and suppliers within 10 days after receiving payment for their undisputed work, with interest of 1.5% per month (minimum $10 a month on balances of $100 or more) and attorney fees to a party who wins; an unpaid sub may suspend work (Minn. Stat. §337.10, subd. 3). The statute sets no deadline for owner payments beyond monthly progress payments unless the contract provides otherwise (subd. 4(a)). revisor.mn.gov
Retainage: Capped at 5%On private building and construction contracts, retainage may not exceed 5%; the owner must release all retainage no later than 60 days after substantial completion, and the contractor must pay subs their retainage within 10 days after receiving it (Minn. Stat. §337.10, subd. 4). Withholding retainage for warranty work is prohibited. revisor.mn.gov

Statutes read November 4, 2026

Heating and cooling season in Minnesota

Degree days, NOAA’s index of the energy it takes to heat or cool a building: each degree a day’s mean temperature falls below 65 °F is one heating degree day, each degree above is one cooling degree day. Thirty-year normals for Minneapolis–St. Paul airport, month by month.

Heating degree days: 7,399
Cooling degree days: 830
Nights ≤ 32 °F: 147
Days ≥ 90 °F: 13

Normal heating and cooling degree days (base 65 °F) and freezing nights by month at Minneapolis–St. Paul airport, NOAA 1991–2020 normals
Month	Heating	Cooling	Nights ≤ 32 °F
Jan	1,513	0	31
Feb	1,243	0	27
Mar	983	0	24
Apr	542	4	9
May	214	45	1
Jun	34	175	–
Jul	4	294	–
Aug	10	220	–
Sep	128	84	–
Oct	489	8	6
Nov	906	0	21
Dec	1,333	0	30

Heating carries the load at Minneapolis–St. Paul airport: 7,399 heating degree days a year against 830 cooling degree days, peaking in January (1,513).

The lightest months for heating and cooling together are June and September (210 and 212 degree days).

Nights at or below 32 °F: about 147 a year, ten or more a month in November through March; 22 at or below 0 °F. Days reaching 90 °F: about 13 a year, the most in July.

Weighted by where Minnesota’s people live, NOAA’s statewide normals (1981–2010) are 8,471 heating and 431 cooling degree days — 2nd for heating and 39th for cooling among the 48 contiguous states (the contiguous U.S.: 4,332 and 1,272).

Station: Minneapolis–St. Paul airport (USW00014922), NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 — station file; statewide figures: NOAA Climate Prediction Center. Bars share one scale: the longest is 1,513 degree days. Read November 4, 2026.

Sources

Each page opened on the date shown. License, registration, lien and workers’ comp sources are linked beside each fact above. Figures change: the agency’s own page wins over this one.

May 2025 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates (state file oesm25st)U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics · read October 28, 2026
Occupational Employment and Wages — May 2025 (news release USDL-26-0725, May 15, 2026)U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics · read October 28, 2026
Public Data API (national OEWS series for the three occupations)U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics · read October 28, 2026
Unemployment insurance tax rates (ui.mn.gov)Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED), Unemployment Insurance Minnesota (ui.mn.gov / uimn.org) · read October 28, 2026
Unemployment insurance tax rates (uimn.org)Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED), Unemployment Insurance Minnesota (ui.mn.gov / uimn.org) · read October 28, 2026
Significant Provisions of State Unemployment Insurance Laws, Effective July 2026U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Unemployment Insurance · read October 28, 2026
Minnesota Paid LeaveMinnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED) - Paid Leave · read October 28, 2026
General Contractors and SubcontractorsMinnesota Department of Revenue · last updated June 18, 2024 · read October 24, 2026
Service ContractsMinnesota Department of Revenue · last updated June 29, 2026 · read October 24, 2026
Minn. Stat. §§514.01 to 514.16 — CHAPTER 514. LIENS AGAINST PROPERTY — MECHANICS, LABORERS AND MATERIAL SUPPLIERSOfficial state code · read November 4, 2026
Workers’ compensation coverage requirementsMinnesota Department of Labor and Industry · read November 4, 2026
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020, Minneapolis–St. Paul airport (USW00014922)NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information · read November 4, 2026
Population-weighted daily heating and cooling degree day normals, 1981–2010 (states and CONUS)NOAA National Weather Service, Climate Prediction Center · read November 4, 2026

1Pay in Minnesota

2Payroll costs the state adds

Charged with it

3What a shop in Minnesota needs to charge

4Change the numbers for your shop